The purpose of this study is to identify factors which influence on school violence and to provide a basis for school violence prevention within the context of social ecology.
This model was constructed based on the Riner's Social Ecology Model of Adolescent Interpersonal Violence Prevention and the literature review of school violence.
The study is designed to evaluate all the variables at the same time. Empirical data was collected by self-reported questionnaires from 646 middle school students in Jeonju, from Dec. 9, 2000 through Dec. 19, 2000. The reliability of the 21 instruments was tested with Cronbach's alpha which ranged from .634 to .876.
The data was analyzed using a SAS Program for descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Coefficients and stepwise multiple regression.
The results are as follows;
1. The mean of the bullied score on the school violence scale was 14.80 and the victimized score was 14.53. A descriptive analysis shows that the bullying experiences were 84.4% and victimized experiences were 81.4%.
2. There were significant correlations among all the predictive variables and the bullying experience(r= .40∼-.23. p<.05).
The experience of victimization showed a significant correlation between family climate, community climate, anger, self-efficacy, peer influence and bullying experiences (r= .54∼-.18, p<.05).
3. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that;
1) The most influential factor on bullying is the experience of victimization and accounts for 29.7% of the variance in bullying experience. peer influence, anger, community climate and family climate accounted for 7.8% 3.4%, 1.7%, 0.8% respectively and these variables combined accounted for 43.3% of the variance in the bullying experience.
2) The bullying experience was the main influential factor of the experience of victimization and accounted for 29.7% of the variance in the experience of victimization. Self-efficacy, community climate and anger accounted for 1.0%, 0.6%, 0.5% respectively and these variables combined accounted for 31.7% of the variance in the experience of victimization.
In conclusion, the experience of victimization, bullying experience, anger, self-efficacy, peer influence, community climate, and family climate were identified as an important variables of school violence. A suggestion will be made to establish comprehensive integrated strategies for prevention and intervention to minimize the school violence.
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